Comparison · Database
Snowflake and Databricks are titans in the cloud data landscape, both vying to be the central hub for enterprise data. While Snowflake pioneered the cloud data warehouse with its decoupled architecture, Databricks champions the "data lakehouse" paradigm built on open standards. Choosing between them is a critical decision for modern data teams, impacting everything from BI performance to machine learning capabilities.
Snowflake was founded in 2012 by former Oracle engineers with the goal of building a data warehouse from scratch for the cloud. It is a fully proprietary, closed-source platform delivered as a managed Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) solution. Its architecture and code are not public, and its success is built on abstracting away all underlying infrastructure complexity for the user.
Databricks was founded in 2013 by the original creators of Apache Spark. The company's philosophy is rooted in open source; its platform is a commercial, managed offering that enhances and integrates core open-source projects like Spark, Delta Lake, and MLflow. This approach champions open data formats, aiming to prevent vendor lock-in at the storage layer.
Snowflake's key innovation is its multi-cluster, shared-data architecture that completely separates storage, compute, and cloud services. Data is stored centrally in a customer's cloud account (AWS, GCP, Azure), while stateless compute clusters, called "Virtual Warehouses," can be independently scaled up, down, or even suspended. This design provides exceptional concurrency, as different workloads (e.g., data loading, BI queries) can run on isolated compute resources without competing.
Databricks is built on the "data lakehouse" architecture, which unifies data lakes and data warehouses. It operates directly on data stored in open formats (like Delta Lake) within a customer's cloud storage. It uses the powerful Apache Spark engine for compute, allowing it to handle a wide range of workloads—from SQL analytics and BI to large-scale data engineering and machine learning—on a single, unified platform and a single copy of the data.
Snowflake traditionally excels at interactive SQL queries and business intelligence (BI) workloads. Its query optimizer and columnar storage format are highly tuned for complex analytical queries, making it a favorite among data analysts. The introduction of Snowpark has significantly expanded its capabilities, allowing data engineers and scientists to use Python, Java, and Scala for more complex data processing and ML tasks directly within the platform.
Databricks, with its Spark foundation, shines in large-scale data processing (ETL/ELT), streaming data, and machine learning workloads. It is designed for performance at petabyte scale. While its Databricks SQL offering has matured to compete directly with Snowflake on BI performance, its primary advantage remains in AI/ML and data science, where programmatic access to data and integration with tools like notebooks and MLflow are critical.
Snowflake is rapidly building its "Data Cloud" ecosystem, centered on secure data sharing, a marketplace for data and applications, and native governance. For AI, Snowpark provides a familiar DataFrame API for developers, while newer features like Snowflake Cortex AI offer managed functions that allow SQL-centric users to leverage LLMs and ML models without deep data science expertise. The focus is on bringing AI capabilities into the existing data warehouse workflow.
Databricks provides a deeply integrated, end-to-end platform for the entire machine learning lifecycle. Its collaborative notebook environment is a standard for data scientists, and MLflow is a key component for experiment tracking, model registry, and deployment. With its Unity Catalog for governance and acquisitions like MosaicML, Databricks has positioned itself as a premier platform for organizations looking to build, train, and deploy their own custom AI models.
Choose Snowflake if your organization's center of gravity is enterprise data warehousing, business intelligence, and empowering data analysts with high-performance SQL. It is an excellent choice for teams that prioritize ease of use, minimal administration, and a fully managed service for their analytics platform. It's ideal when the primary goal is to serve structured and semi-structured data for reporting and dashboards across the business.
Choose Databricks if your workloads are heavily focused on data science, machine learning, and advanced data engineering, especially at a very large scale. It is the superior choice for teams that require a unified platform for data engineers, data scientists, and analysts, and for organizations that value an architecture built on open formats to avoid data lock-in. If building and operationalizing AI models is a core business strategy, Databricks provides a more comprehensive, native toolset.
Databricks is considered more open because its architecture is built around open-source technologies like Apache Spark and it stores data in open formats like Delta Lake in your own cloud storage. Snowflake is a fully proprietary, closed-source platform, though it runs on public clouds and supports standard SQL.
Not anymore. While its core strength remains in SQL, Snowflake's Snowpark API allows developers to write complex data transformations and ML code using Python, Java, and Scala. This has made it a much more versatile platform capable of handling data engineering and data science workloads.
Databricks, with its Spark Structured Streaming engine, has traditionally been stronger and more flexible for complex, low-latency streaming applications. Snowflake has significantly improved its capabilities with Snowpipe Streaming and Dynamic Tables, but Databricks often remains the choice for more demanding real-time use cases.
Both use a consumption-based model, but they calculate it differently. Snowflake separates storage and compute costs, charging for compute warehouse uptime per second. Databricks prices are based on Databricks Units (DBUs) per hour, which vary by the compute type. The most cost-effective option depends entirely on your specific workload patterns, concurrency, and types of jobs being run.